税收优惠对企业创新的影响——基于先进制造业企业的实证分析

正确评价税收政策对先进制造业企业创新的影响具有重要意义。以2010—2019年中国A股先进制造业上市公司为研究样本,实证考察税收优惠与先进制造业企业创新的关系。研究发现：税收优惠对于先进制造业企业的创新具有激励效应,与所得税优惠相比,增值税优惠激励作用更为明显;区域异质性分析发现增值税优惠激励先进制造业企业创新呈现中、东、西部递减的状态,所得税优惠激励创新呈现东、西、中递减的状态。为提高税收优惠政策对于先进制造业企业创新的激励效应,提出完善税收优惠政策的建议。     

中国沙棘产业时空集聚特征及演化分析——基于企查查平台沙棘企业数据

目的 分析我国沙棘产业发展现状及空间集聚特征,探索沙棘产业的时空演化规律,以期为我国沙棘产业空间布局的合理优化、产业结构的进一步升级提供科学依据。方法 文章基于1988—2020年企查查平台沙棘企业数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析方法,从沙棘企业空间分布范围、空间集聚程度、企业经营内容等方面,对沙棘产业时空集聚特征及布局演变趋势进行了分析。结果 （1）1988年以来我国沙棘企业数量持续增加,但2008年以来增速明显提升,2018年涨幅最大;（2）对2010—2020年沙棘企业进行全局自相关与局部自相关分析,结果表明,我国沙棘企业具有显著集聚特征,空间集聚程度在11年内不断加强,形成了疆北、青甘、陕晋蒙、东北蒙东四大集聚单元;（3）我国沙棘企业现有经营内容以原料种植、初级加工和沙棘销售为主,产、研、销区域分工明显,一体化水平较低,沙棘科技研发与精深加工整体较弱。结论 我国沙棘产业集聚优势显著,但也存在空间分布不均、产加销布局分散、精深加工与科技研发能力弱的问题。     

中国省域乡村振兴水平的动态比较和区域差异研究

目的 在全面解析乡村振兴战略内涵的基础上,构建了乡村振兴评价指标体系,从时空维度测度和比较了我国省域乡村振兴水平及区域差异。方法 文章运用纵横向拉开档次法,测度2014—2019年我国30个省（市、自治区,不含港澳台、西藏）的乡村振兴动态发展水平,进一步利用泰尔指数分析了东、中、西部地区乡村振兴发展的区域差异。结果 （1）我国各地乡村振兴发展水平存在明显差异,但发展趋势总体向好,三大区域乡村振兴发展呈现东部地区较好,中部地区居中,西部地区落后的发展态势。（2）乡村振兴子系统发展差异较大,生态宜居子系统发展较好,产业兴旺子系统发展缓慢,治理有效子系统发展最差。（3）区域间差异是我国乡村振兴发展差异的主要来源,东部地区区域内差异明显大于中西部地区。结论 最后,提出要全面把握乡村发展差异,做好乡村振兴顶层设计,加强区域协作,构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系和经营体系的政策启示。     

韩国乡村振兴地域制度及对我国的启示

目的 伴随着城镇化的快速发展、劳动力缺失、耕地效益低下等问题的出现,有效保护耕地和提高耕地利用率成为我国目前亟待解决的重要问题。方法 文章通过文献分析法和对比分析法,总结韩国乡村振兴地域制度建立的背景、主要框架和运行成效,提出对我国的启示。结果 为加强对农田的保护和利用,20世纪90年代韩国实施了农业振兴地域制度。该制度将农业振兴地域划分为农业振兴区和农业保护区,推行农业支援政策、实行人才培养和完善基础建设等一系列举措,在推进农业现代化、提高农民收入、保护耕地、保护农民权益等方面成效显著。结论 通过分析韩国农业振兴地域制度发展的经验,从健全法律体系、粮食主产区内划分现代农业重点区、实行粮食主产区的差异补贴政策、重视农业人才培养四个方面提出适合我国地区发展的农业振兴策略,以期为我国农业的持续发展提供参考。     

The Bioeconomics of Cooperation

When transactions and information are costly and exchange is non-simultaneous, ‘institutions matter’. They matter because exchange under these circumstances subjects the participants to potentially harmful behaviors by other participants, among which are: opportunistic behavior, agency, the free-rider problem, cheating, moral hazard, and adverse selection. Institutions constrain these behaviors, allowing the participants to take advantage of the gains from trade and specialization, and thereby facilitating cooperation. Individuals adhere to institutional rules because they gain by doing so. Because the individual gains are inseparable from the structure of the institutions, the institutions themselves necessarily become the focus of the analysis—as we see in the new institutional economics (NIE). The new group selection position in biology involves a similar shift in focus from the level of the individual to the group when studying the evolution of altruism. But some of the proponents of group selection go further, arguing that altruism in biology evolves because it is in the interest of the group, but not the individual. In fact, group level analysis is necessary in biology, as in the NIE, because it allows for the discovery of ‘institutions’ that constrain cheating, opportunistic behavior, etc., thereby making participation in the group in the long-run self-interest of the individual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可持续发展经济学中的价值理论

以社会利益为主要内容的可持续发展经济学,要建立起自己特有的理论体系,就必须建立以社会整体利益为基础的价值理论。从社会利益的角度看,一切能增进人类利益的社会生产与自然活动,都是价值的源泉,因此生态环境和各种自然资源都具有价值,因此价值的分配,应快包括生态环境和自然资源。     

论区域性物流中心的建设

结合物流业的发展,对区域物流与区域经济的关系、区域性物流中心的功能,我国目前区域性物流中心建设中存在的问题及今后的发展对策进行了初步探讨。     

On the predictability of knowledge formation: The tortuous link between regional specialization trade, and development

This paper examines the relation between industrial mix, trade, and regional productivity growth. For this purpose, a dynamic model of the open economy with diversified sectoral knowledge formation and incomplete interregional knowledge diffusion is constructed. The theoretical framework is first used to show the consequences of increasing globalization on regional growth. It is then applied to German regional data in order to investigate whether there is evidence of generally specified patterns of knowledge formation. It emerges that some causal relationships are robust for the case of German regions but cannot be exploited by economic policy in general.     

Optimal law enforcement when victims are rational players

The economic analysis of crime usually views a victim as a passive party whose role is limited to suffering harm. In this paper, we extend the economic theory of law enforcement by modeling victims as an active party in criminal deterrence. First, they may take some precautions to avoid victimization. Second, they may or may not report their victimization. The lack of reporting weakens law enforcement and criminal deterrence by reducing detection rates. This suggests that victims could be encouraged to report by being paid a compensation. Nevertheless, compensating victims certainly reduces precaution. We argue that such effect never offsets the gains obtained in terms of criminal detection and apprehension. Received: December 1998 / Accepted: January 2000     

中国区域经济发展水平空间差异研究

本文选取35项指标定量分析了我国经济发展水平的空间差异特征。我国发达型和较发达型省域少,欠发达型和落后型省域多,城市型政区发展水平高,民族型政区和少数民族集聚的省份发展水平低,长江三角洲、珠江三角洲经济发展水平高居全国前列。三大地带经济发展水平虽呈梯次展布,但反梯度现象同时存在,且东、中、西的差异主要表现为东部与中西部的差异。我国经济发展水平的差异以第三产业与外向型经济、居民生活质量表现更为突出。